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Advisory ID:
BRLY-2021-015

[BRLY-2021-015] SMM memory corruption vulnerability in combined DXE/SMM on Fujitsu device (SMRAM write)

February 1, 2022
Severity:
High
CVSS Score
8.2
Public Disclosure Date:
February 1, 2022

Summary

Binarly REsearch Team has discovered a SMM memory corruption vulnerability in a Fujitsu device allowing a possible attacker to write data to SMRAM. Exploiting this issue could lead to escalating privileges to SMM.
Vendors Affected Icon

Vendors Affected

Fujitsu
Affected Products icon

Affected Products

Fujitsu LIFEBOOK E459
Fujitsu LIFEBOOK E449

Potential Impact

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to elevate privileges from ring 0 to ring -2, execute arbitrary code in System Management Mode - an environment more privileged than operating system (OS) and completely isolated from it. Running arbitrary code in SMM additionally bypasses SMM-based SPI flash protections against modifications, which can help an attacker to install a firmware backdoor/implant into the BIOS. Such a malicious firmware code in the BIOS could persist across operating system re-installs. Additionally, this vulnerability could potentially be used by threat actors to bypass security mechanisms provided by UEFI firmware (for example, Secure Boot and some types of memory isolation for hypervisors).

Summary

Binarly REsearch Team has discovered a SMM memory corruption vulnerability in a Fujitsu device allowing a possible attacker to write data to SMRAM. Exploiting this issue could lead to escalating privileges to SMM.

Vulnerability Information

  • BINARLY internal vulnerability identifier: BRLY-2021-015
  • CERT/CC assigned case number: VU#796611
  • Insyde PSIRT assigned CVE identifier: CVE-2021-45970
  • CVSS v3.1: 8.2 High AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected Fujitsu firmwares with confirmed impact by Binarly REsearch Team

Device name Driver name Driver SHA256 File GUID
Fujitsu LIFEBOOK E459/E449 IdeBusDxe 4b91d7456d48b897106f97d419426840ef3c62844797b21b4c46fb4628fbae58 69FD8E47-A161-4550-B01A-5594CEB2B2B2

Potential impact

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to elevate privileges from ring 0 to ring -2, execute arbitrary code in System Management Mode - an environment more privileged than operating system (OS) and completely isolated from it. Running arbitrary code in SMM additionally bypasses SMM-based SPI flash protections against modifications, which can help an attacker to install a firmware backdoor/implant into the BIOS. Such a malicious firmware code in the BIOS could persist across operating system re-installs. Additionally, this vulnerability could potentially be used by threat actors to bypass security mechanisms provided by UEFI firmware (for example, Secure Boot and some types of memory isolation for hypervisors).

Vulnerability description

In the function at offset 0xEBC (image sha256: 4b91d7456d48b897106f97d419426840ef3c62844797b21b4c46fb4628fbae58), the child software System Management Interrupt (SWSMI) handler with GUID 54c03d2d-5903-4dfb-88b7-fa7636be03d1 is registered:

if ( SmstIsNotNull() )
{
  Handle1 = 0;
  gBS_8000C6E0->InstallProtocolInterface(&Handle1, &ProprietaryProtocol_8000BFF0, EFI_NATIVE_INTERFACE, 0);
  gHandle = Handle;
  if ( sub_80008990(&unk_8000BD20, 27) )
    gSmst_8000C718->SmmRegisterProtocolNotify(&ProprietaryProtocol_8000BE70, Function, &Registration);
  return gSmst_8000C718->SmiHandlerRegister(SmiHandler_80000A14, &gSmiHandlerGuid, &DispatchHandle);
}

Find below the decompiled SWSMI handler code:

EFI_STATUS __fastcall SmiHandler_80000A14(
        EFI_HANDLE DispatchHandle,
        const void *Context,
        void *CommBuffer,
        UINTN *CommBufferSize)
{
  // [COLLAPSED LOCAL DECLARATIONS. PRESS KEYPAD CTRL-"+" TO EXPAND]

  if ( !CommBuffer || !CommBufferSize )
    return 0;
  if ( *(_DWORD *)CommBuffer == 1 )
  {
    ...
  }
  else
  {
    Status = EFI_UNSUPPORTED;
  }
_WriteStatus:
  *(_QWORD *)((char *)CommBuffer + 4) = Status;
  return 0;
}

It can be noticed that before returning from this function, the status code (8 bytes) is written at the address CommBuffer + 4.

There is no pointer validation carried out (to ensure CommBuffer and any other Communication Buffer nested contents are not pointing to SMRAM contents). Thus, a potential attacker can write fixed data to SMRAM to corrupt some data inside this memory (for example, change SMI handler's code or modify Smram Map structures to break input pointer validation for other SMI handlers, hence to completely make this mitigation inefficient). This could lead to gaining arbitrary code execution in SMM.

To fix this vulnerability, it is essential to wrap all the input pointers (including the nested pointers) for SMI handlers with sanity checks to make sure they are not pointing into SMRAM.

Disclosure timeline

This bug is subject to a 90 day disclosure deadline. After 90 days elapsed or a patch has been made broadly available (whichever is earlier), the bug report will become visible to the public.

Disclosure Activity Date
Fujitsu PSIRT is notified 2021-09-10
Fujitsu PSIRT is confirmed issue 2021-09-14
CERT/CC created a case 2021-09-27
Insyde PSIRT assigned CVE number 2021-11-01
Insyde PSIRT provide patch release 2021-11-09
BINARLY public disclosure date 2022-02-01

Acknowledgements

Binarly REsearch Team

Tags
SMM
DXE
FWHunt
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