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An attacker with local access can exploit this vulnerability to elevate privileges from ring 3 or ring 0 (depends on the operating system) to a DXE driver and execute arbitrary code. Malicious code installed as a result of this exploitation could survive operating system (OS) boot process and runtime, or modify NVRAM area on the SPI flash storage (to gain persistence). Additionally, threat actors could use this vulnerability to bypass OS security mechanisms (modify privileged memory or runtime variables), influence OS boot process, and in some cases allow an attacker to hook or modify EFI Runtime services.
Binarly REsearch Team has discovered an OOB Write vulnerability in the decode routine during GIF file processing in Phoenix firmware.
An attacker with local access can exploit this vulnerability to elevate privileges from ring 3 or ring 0 (depending on the operating system) to a DXE driver and execute arbitrary code. Malicious code installed as a result of this exploitation could survive operating system (OS) boot process and runtime, or modify NVRAM area on the SPI flash storage (to gain persistence). Additionally, threat actors could use this vulnerability to bypass OS security mechanisms (modify privileged memory or runtime variables), influence OS boot process, and in some cases allow an attacker to hook or modify EFI Runtime services.
The pseudocode of the vulnerable function is shown below:
INT32 __fastcall DecodeLzwBytes(BUFFER_INDICATOR *Bi, BOOLEAN flag, INT32 CodeSize)
{
int i; // eax
int *ptr; // rcx MAPDST
INT32 result; // eax
int Code; // er8
int v9; // er9
__int64 v10; // r10
int v11; // er14
int v12; // er11
int *v13; // rdx
int v14; // ecx
_DWORD *v15; // rdx
int v16; // eax
INT32 v17; // eax
int v18; // eax
int *v19; // rcx
_DWORD *v20; // rax
UINT8 Buffer[272]; // [rsp+20h] [rbp-118h]
if ( flag )
{
set_code_size = CodeSize;
code_size = CodeSize + 1;
curbit = 0;
clear_code = 1 << CodeSize; // Root Cause: OOB index.
lastbit = 0; // Firstly, there is INT32 table [2][(1<< MAX_LZW_BITS)], where MAX_LZW_BITS is 12.
done = 0; // Hence, table [2][4096] is allocated.
fresh = 1; // CodeSize isn't validated to be between 0 to MAX_LZW_BITS range.
end_code = (1 << CodeSize) + 1; // In this case CodeSize determines an index value, which is used to navigate across the table.
max_code_size = 2 * (1 << CodeSize); // Secondly, CodeSize influences on size of data returned by GetCode().
max_code = (1 << CodeSize) + 2; // In this case the data is used to navigate across the table.
i = 0;
if ( 1 << CodeSize > 0 )
{
ptr = &table_second_raw;
do
{
*ptr = i++; // CRASH location: OOB write
*(ptr - 4096) = 0;
++ptr;
}
while ( i < 1 << CodeSize );
}
if ( i < 0x1000i64 )
{
ptr = (int *)((char *)&table_first_raw + 4 * i);
do
{
table_second_raw = 0;
*ptr = 0;
++ptr;
}
while ( (__int64)ptr < (__int64)&table_second_raw );
}
result = 0;
sp_ = (__int64)stack;
return result;
}
if ( fresh )
{
fresh = 0;
do
{
result = GetCode(Bi, code_size, 0);
oldcode = result;
firstcode = result;
}
while ( result == clear_code );
return result;
}
if ( sp_ > (unsigned __int64)stack )
{
sp_ -= 4i64;
return *(_DWORD *)sp_;
}
Code = GetCode(Bi, code_size, 0);
if ( Code < 0 )
return Code;
while ( 2 )
{
v9 = clear_code;
if ( Code == clear_code )
{
v18 = 0;
if ( clear_code > 0 )
{
v19 = &table_second_raw;
do
{
*v19 = v18++;
*(v19 - 4096) = 0;
++v19;
}
while ( v18 < v9 );
}
if ( v18 < 4096i64 )
{
v20 = (_DWORD *)((char *)&table_first_raw + 4 * v18);
do
{
v20[4096] = 0;
*v20 = 0;
++v20;
}
while ( (__int64)v20 < (__int64)&table_second_raw );
}
max_code_size = 2 * v9;
code_size = set_code_size + 1;
max_code = v9 + 2;
sp_ = (__int64)stack;
result = GetCode(Bi, set_code_size + 1, 0);
oldcode = result;
firstcode = result;
}
else
{
if ( Code != end_code )
{
v10 = max_code;
v11 = Code;
v12 = oldcode;
v13 = (int *)sp_;
if ( Code >= max_code )
{
Code = oldcode;
*(_DWORD *)sp_ = firstcode;
++v13;
}
while ( Code >= v9 )
{
*v13 = *((_DWORD *)&table_first_raw + Code + 0x1000);
++v13;
sp_ = (__int64)v13;
if ( Code == *((_DWORD *)&table_first_raw + Code) )
return -3;
Code = *((_DWORD *)&table_first_raw + Code);
}
v14 = *((_DWORD *)&table_first_raw + Code + 0x1000);
*v13 = v14;
v15 = v13 + 1;
firstcode = v14;
sp_ = (__int64)v15;
if ( (int)v10 >= 0x1000
|| (v16 = max_code_size,
*((_DWORD *)&table_first_raw + v10) = v12,
*((_DWORD *)&table_first_raw + v10 + 0x1000) = v14,
max_code = v10 + 1,
(int)v10 + 1 < v16)
|| v16 >= 0x1000 )
{
v17 = code_size;
}
else
{
max_code_size = 2 * v16;
v17 = ++code_size;
}
oldcode = v11;
if ( v15 > stack )
{
sp_ = (__int64)(v15 - 1);
return *(v15 - 1);
}
Code = GetCode(Bi, v17, 0);
if ( Code >= 0 )
continue;
return Code;
}
if ( !gZeroDataBlock )
{
while ( GetDataBlock(Bi, Buffer) > 0 )
;
}
result = -2;
}
break;
}
return result;
}As we can see from the pseudocode, CodeSize isn’t properly validated to be between 0 and MAX_LZW_BITS, resulting in an OOB write vulnerability.
This bug is subject to a 90 day disclosure deadline. After 90 days elapsed or a patch has been made broadly available (whichever is earlier), the bug report will become visible to the public.
Binarly REsearch Team
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